Master English grammar with clear explanations, interactive practice, and real-world examples for all levels.
The foundation of English grammar. Every word belongs to a part of speech that determines its function in a sentence.
Learn how words change their form to express different meanings and grammatical functions.
Word building blocks that change meaning and create new words. Essential for vocabulary expansion.
Groups of words that share the same root but have different forms and meanings.
The building blocks of communication. Learn how to construct clear, effective sentences.
Groups of words that work together. Master clauses and phrases to write complex, sophisticated sentences.
Express when actions happen and how they relate to time. Master all 12 English tenses and their aspects.
Express possibility, necessity, permission, and ability. Essential for polite and precise communication.
Express hypothetical situations and their consequences. From real possibilities to impossible dreams.
Focus on the action rather than who performs it. Essential for formal writing and describing processes.
Report what someone said without using their exact words. Essential for storytelling and communication.
Ask questions and make negative statements correctly. Master question formation and negative structures.
Use "a" before consonant sounds and "an" before vowel sounds for singular, countable nouns.
Use "the" for specific items that both speaker and listener know about, unique items, and superlatives.
Don't use articles with plural countable nouns (general), uncountable nouns (general), proper nouns, and abstract concepts.
Countable nouns can be counted (book/books). Uncountable nouns cannot be counted directly (water, advice, information).
Use "many/few" with countable nouns, "much/little" with uncountable nouns, "some/any" with both.
Regular plurals add -s/-es. Irregular plurals change form (child/children, mouse/mice). Some nouns are always plural (scissors, glasses).
Use "in" for months/years, "on" for days/dates, "at" for specific times.
Use "in" for enclosed spaces, "on" for surfaces, "at" for specific locations or points.
Use "to" for direction, "from" for origin, "through" for passing within, "across" for crossing.
Subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) perform the action. Object pronouns (me, you, him, her, it, us, them) receive the action.
Possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) come before nouns. Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs) replace nouns.
Use reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves) when the subject and object are the same.
When using multiple adjectives, follow this order: Opinion, Size, Age, Shape, Color, Origin, Material, Purpose + Noun.
Adjectives describe nouns. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Most adverbs end in -ly.
-ed adjectives describe how someone feels. -ing adjectives describe what causes the feeling.
Short adjectives: add -er (tall → taller). Long adjectives: use "more" (beautiful → more beautiful). Use "than" for comparisons.
Short adjectives: add -est (tall → tallest). Long adjectives: use "most" (beautiful → most beautiful). Always use "the" before superlatives.
Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms: good/better/best, bad/worse/worst, far/further/furthest.
Use "if + present simple, will + base verb" for real future possibilities.
Use "if + past simple, would + base verb" for unreal present situations.
Form: be + past participle. Use when the action is more important than who does it.
Use "can" for present ability, "could" for past ability or polite requests, "may/might" for possibility.
Use "must" for strong necessity, "have to" for external obligation, "should" for advice or recommendations.
When reporting speech, tenses usually move one step back in time. Present becomes past, past becomes past perfect.
Use "asked" + if/whether for yes/no questions, "asked" + question word for wh-questions, "told/asked" + to infinitive for commands.
Use "who" for people, "which" for things, "that" for both people and things, "where" for places, "when" for times.
Add extra information with commas. Cannot use "that". Often used with proper nouns or unique references.
Use auxiliary verbs (do/does/did, am/is/are/was/were, have/has/had, will/would/can/could) + subject + main verb.
Start with question words (what, where, when, why, how, who, which) + auxiliary + subject + main verb.
Add a short question at the end. Positive statement → negative tag. Negative statement → positive tag.
Use "not" after auxiliary verbs (am/is/are, do/does/did, have/has/had, will/would, can/could, etc.).
Avoid double negatives in English. Use "any" instead of "no" after negative verbs.
Use negative prefixes (un-, in-, im-, dis-, ir-) to make adjectives and some nouns negative.
The object can go between the verb and particle, or after the particle. With pronouns, the object must go between.
Learn common phrasal verbs and their meanings. Many have multiple meanings depending on context.
Some verbs are followed by gerunds (-ing form): enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, suggest, consider, practice.
Some verbs are followed by infinitives (to + base form): want, need, hope, plan, decide, agree, refuse, promise.
Some verbs can take both gerunds and infinitives but with different meanings: remember, forget, stop, try.
Used after verbs of suggestion, demand, or importance. Use the base form of the verb for all persons.
Use "were" for all persons in hypothetical situations with "if" or "wish."
Simple sentences have one main clause. Compound sentences join two main clauses. Complex sentences have a main clause and subordinate clause.
The verb must agree with the subject in number. Singular subjects take singular verbs; plural subjects take plural verbs.
When listing items or using correlative conjunctions, maintain the same grammatical form throughout.
Choose the correct modal verb:
Select the correct relative pronoun:
Use commas to separate items in a list, before coordinating conjunctions in compound sentences, and to set off non-essential information.
Use apostrophes for possession (John's book) and contractions (don't, it's). Don't use for plural nouns or possessive pronouns.
Semicolons join related independent clauses. Colons introduce lists, explanations, or examples.
Some verbs naturally go with certain nouns. Learn these common combinations to sound more natural.
Certain adjectives commonly pair with specific nouns. These combinations sound natural to native speakers.
Many verbs require specific prepositions. These must be memorized as fixed combinations.
Use discourse markers to show relationships between ideas: addition (furthermore, moreover), contrast (however, nevertheless), result (therefore, consequently).
Use markers to organize your thoughts: sequencing (first, next, finally), listing (to begin with, in addition), summarizing (in conclusion, to sum up).
Some markers express your attitude or opinion: emphasis (indeed, certainly), uncertainty (perhaps, presumably), surprise (surprisingly, remarkably).
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